As Modi prepares to be sworn in with a reduced mandate, analysts and critics say allies he depends on could serve as a check on his government. Meanwhile, hate speech has soared in India in recent years. India averaged nearly two anti-Muslim hate speech events per day in 2023 and three in every four of those events – or 75 percent – took place in states ruled by Modi’s BJP, as per a report by the India Hate Lab (IHL), a United States-based research group.